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| Slovenia | |
 Flag of Slovenia | |
| Population (in Mil.) | 2 |
 Sex Ratio (m/f)
| 0,95 |
 Life Expectancy Ratio (f/m)
| 1.09 |
 Fertility Rate
| 1.36 |
 Income Ratio (f/m)
| 0.61 |
 Literacy Ratio (f/m)
| n/a |
 Tertiary Enrolment Ratio (f/m)
| 1,38 |
 Women in Parliament (in %)
| 12,2 |
| SIGI Rank | - |
| More information on variables | |
Contents |
Overview
Slovenia has made good progress in gender equality, with legislation in place to protect and promote women's rights and participation in the workplace and in political life. However, the legislation appears to be only having limited impact on the conditions for women to date, with less than 1/3 of all managers and senior officials women, and low political representation. The labour market remains gender segregated horizontally and vertically. Slovenia is currently ranked 51st in the World Economic Forum's Global Gap Report (2008).
Legislation
- The Equal Opportunities Act of July 2002 provides a common basis for creating equal opportunities for women and men through further legislation. The Act defines and prohibits both direct and indirect discrimination. Moreover, the Act allows for positive measures to ensure equality and foresees the creation of Ombudsperson who will handle cases of unequal treatment.
- The Law on Labour Relations of 1 January 2003 introduced a number of new provisions on equal opportunities and equal treatment for women and men, partly in preparation for EU accession.
- In March 2004 the Penal Code was amended with numerous modifications relating to women’s issues inter alia, to misuse of prostitution, pornography, trafficking in human beings. The new amendments and supplements entered into force in May 2004.
Gender equality was first the responsibility of the Office for Women’s Policy, established in 1992. Currently gender equality is under the responsibility of the Office for Equal Opportunities established in 2003. Its tasks include monitoring and coordinating gender equality issues towards all the ministries and to participate in the preparation of laws and regulations. It also performs policy analysis, advocacy.
Employment
The labour market in Slovenia is strongly gender segregated horizontally and vertically. Women dominate in the service industries, including health, social work, education, financial intermediation, catering and tourism. Women consist of less than a 1/3 of the workforce in engineering and construction sectors. There is a glass ceiling for promotion: despite a higher educational attainment than men, only 1/3 of women become managers, senior officials or legislators. According to ILO satistics, in 2003, women comprised 45.33% of total employment in the agricultural sector, 32.02% in the industrial sector and 54.85 in the service sector. In 2002 the difference between the average wages of women compared to those of men was 10.8 percentage points. In 2004, the activity rate was 52.5% for women and 65.9% for men. In 2004 the unemployment rate in women was higher by 0.7 percentage point than that in men. In 2003, 3.9% of women and 3% of men were in part-time employment.
Slovenia offers generous maternal and paternal leave. Maternal leave and child-care leave together amount to 365 days and the benefit paid is 100% of previous earnings. The father can take child-care leave to the same extent as the mother (260 days). In addition, paternity leave of 90 days (15 days immediately after the birth and 75 days until the child reaches 8) is offered to the father.
Education
In 2000/2001, 57.2 % of undergraduate students were women. 59.2 % of all graduates were women.Among masters of science and specialists who completed their studies in 2001, 50.2 % were women, and in 2004, 54.4 %. In 2001, 298 students attained their doctoral degree, of which 49.0 were women. In 2003, the share of women who attained their Ph.D. decreased to 41.4 % and in 2004 to 40.6 per cent.
Political Empowerment
Women won the right to vote in 1945. Slovenia operates a quota system for political parties candidates' lists: 25% of candidates must be of another gender. Women are still largely underrepresented in local authorities, and only one minister in the current government is a woman. At the last elections in 2004, 11 women were elected (12.2 %), and after the final distribution of seats in the 90-member Parliament, 12 women became MPs, accounting for 13.3 %.
Sources
- http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/eiro/2004/07/feature/si0407102f.htm
- CEDAW, Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 18 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, Fourth periodic report of States parties. Slovenia (2007)
- International Labor Organization (ILO), "Facts and Figures on Gender Equality in Slovenia", [www.ilo.org/public/english/region/eurpro/budapest/download/gender/slovenia.pdf]
The Women, Business and the Law
Where are laws equal for men and women? 
The Women, Business and the Law report presents indicators based on laws and regulations affecting women's prospects as entrepreneurs and employees. Several of these indicators draw on the Gender Law Library, a collection of over 2,000 legal provisions impacting women's economic status. This report does not seek to judge or rank countries, but to provide information to inform discussions about women’s economic rights. Covering 128 economies, Women, Business and the Law provides data covering 6 areas: accessing institutions,using property, getting a job, dealing with taxes, building credit, and going to court.Read more about the methodology.
For detailed information on Slovenia, please visit the Women, Business and
the Law Slovenia page.
